LONG
TIME COMING / BUT TRUE HIP-HOP IS HERE TO STAY
DONT FORGET CUSTOM FITTED CAP ON
SALE
FROM 787 PUERTO RICO
(ko kee)
KEEP YOUR MIND FOCUS ON YOUR
PURPOSE IN LIFE
every day is a chance but the chance of not taking it
will always be a mistry in the back of you
head
Like NIKE
JUST DO DA DAMN THANG!
THROUGH MY TRAVELS IN LIFE AND ACCEPTANCE
NO MATTER WHAT, BLOOD IS MIXED EVERY DAY.
THROUGH THAT LINE RUN DEEP, ALWAYS KNOW HOW
FREE THOSE TOES BECAME......weeeepaaa
A Dedication of knowledge i found
about (PR)
PUERTO RICO!!!
KO KEE KO KEEEEE
I LEFT A PART OF MY HEART IN PUERTO
RICO
Humacao, PALMAS, CAGUAS,
FAJADO
GOT TATTED AT L.D.R. in
Humacao
Good Looking Luis & Lester
Coming back to get the rest of:
COQUI
BAYWATCH
(FREETOES)
SCORPIO!
NEED I SAY MORE
CAN YOU DO WHAT EVER IT TAKES TO KEEP A SCORPIANS
INTEREST?
BIG UP TO THOSE PODCAST MIXES, BRING EM ON
LOOK LOOK LOOK LOOK LOOK LOOK LOOK LADIES
(FEMALE ARTIS ARE COMING UP! BIG UPS TO YALL, KEEP SPITTING FIRE
CAUSE THINGS ARE SOUNDING WACK NOW DAYS. THATS WHY I LISTEN. PAPI
LOVE YALL MAMIS
(LADIES, SEND ME
LINKS TO YO TRAX SO I CAN ROCK WITH YOU ON MY
IPOD)
KO KEE - KO
KEE
FREE TOES
This Tatoo is on my Left
ARM
This Migente is
Coqui
Baywatch!!!
FOUND MY HEART IN PUERTO
RICO
HOW THE ISLAND GAVE ME THE ENERGY TO FEEL
FREE
I DEDICATE MY PAST ALONG WITH MY FUTURE
TO PR. TO MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS OVER THE YEARS YOU GAVE ME THE LOVE
THAT I NEEDED WHEN GROWING UP AND NOW I TRULY UNDERSTAND HOW FREE
OF A MAN I AM.
Never Leave The 1 U Love 4 The 1 You
Like
Because The 1You Like Will Leave You
4 The 1 They Love.
Hard Lesson Learned Ya
know
KO KEE - KO KEE.
YOU AN I ARE ONE
WEEEEEEPAAAAAA.
TONEY
If you wondering who that lil lady on my
background is thats my Daughter. Watch it Damnit
!!
History of Puerto Rico
The Black History of Puerto Rico begins with the colonization of
the key Caribbean island of Puerto Rico by the Spanish Empire.
Spanish planters brought slaves from Africa to work the land. Black
Puerto Ricans intermarried extensively with European and indigenous
persons, so modern Puerto Rico does not recognize such distinct
racial divisions as in the continental United States, still today
there remains a rich black culture in Puerto Rico.
Contents [hide]
1 Colonial Era
1.1 Pre-Columbian contact
1.2 Slavery
1.3 Abolition
2 Modern society
3 See also
4 References
Colonial Era
Before Christopher Columbus discovered Puerto Rico during his
second voyage, Ta no Indians were the island's main inhabitants.
Puerto Rico became a Spanish territory soon after Columbus's
discovery.
Pre-Columbian contact
Some historians speculate that Africans of the Sahel region,
including the energetic Mali Empire, may have had contact with
Caribbean and Brazilian indigenous peoples before the arrival of
Europeans in the New World.[1] Perceived linguistic similarities
between West African groups and the Ta no, paired with the
theoretical ability of the West Africans to cross the Atlantic,
suggest the possibility of African cultural influences that long
predate European contact. The paths that hurricanes tend to follow
across the Atlantic (known as "Hurricane Alley") may have also been
a natural push for these early African voyagers. Compelling
archaeological evidence of such contact, much less mutual trade and
cultural exchange, remains to be presented.
Slavery
Soon after Christopher Columbus brought European culture to Puerto
Rico (and the rest of Latin America), the Europeans began to sell
slaves to rich farmers or landowners who came from Spain to Latin
America. Many of the slaves who came to Puerto Rico were from Congo
(Mayombe religions such as "Palo Monte" were an intrinsic part of
Puerto Rico's early spiritualist history before Allan Kardec ), the
Ashanti, Yoruba and Bantu tribes.[2] In all, 31 known African
tribes were brought to the island from Central and West Africa
through the slave trade.
It is believed that many slaves entered Puerto Rico through the
island's east side, hence the large population of blacks from San
Juan to Vieques. Ponce and Mayag ez have large populations that
came from Cuba, Haiti, and Colombia. During the years of indigenous
and African slavery, miscegenation was rampant. Tainos were
believed to have been raped by Spaniards, and they also
intermarried with the incoming Africans.
In Puerto Rico, as in many other countries, slave owners would
insult black workers and make them labor under poor working
conditions for little or no money. They also abused them
physically, sometimes injuring or killing them. Some slave owners
would also rape black women and girls, including the wives of the
male slaves. These types of abuses, of which most Puerto Ricans
born during the 20th century had little knowledge, were exposed in
many of Abelardo Diaz Alfaro's books written during the 1940s. Diaz
Alfaro opposed racism and his writing reflected those
sentiments.
As in most countries where slaves were brought over from Africa,
slaves in Puerto Rico were assigned new last names. Slaves usually
took their owners' Spanish names, passing the adopted last names to
their children, and so on. Many slaves worked in sugarcane fields,
others in manufacturing or other types of jobs.
After the annihilation of Puerto Rico's Taino population, Africans
were brought to the island to provide labor for the short-lived
gold mining industry. When the gold ran out, so did most of the
white population. Fortune hunting Europeans abandoned Puerto Rico
to seek riches in Mexico and South America. The Spanish Crown used
a subsidy from its gold producing colonies on the mainland, called
El Situado, to maintain a garrison and forts in San Juan. Puerto
Rico was the last stop in the Greater Antilles before the long
voyage to Europe for Spanish ships laden with gold.
However, with few whites (and no Tainos) to provide a population
base to support the garrison, the Spanish government sought to
alleviate this problem by offering freedom to Black people from
non-Spanish colonies who immigrated to Puerto Rico. Although this
became official through a Spanish edict in 1664, this process
already was occurring since about 1570. Initially, most of this
population settled in Cangrerjos (today, Santurce). However, the
entire northeast coast, from Cangrejos through Carolina, Lo za, Can
vanas, Fajardo to Culebra and Vieques, was settled by this
immigrant Black population. Consequently, the majority of Puerto
Rico's population from the end of the 16th Century to the beginning
of the 19th Century was Black and/or Mulato.
Puerto Rico had the oldest and largest Free Black population in the
Western Hemisphere during the era of the African Slave trade. It
was this free Black population that was largely responsible for
keeping Puerto Rico Spanish. They played key roles in repelling all
European invasions of the island, especially the last British
invasion attempt in 1797 (which helped to end British expansion in
the Caribbean). Black militia from Puerto Rico served under the
Spanish Armed forces in Haiti, Venezuela, and in the American War
of Independence. There were several notable Black or Mulato Puerto
Ricans who contributed to the island's history during this period:
Jose Campeche, the island's first famous painter; Miguel Henriquez,
the Corsair, whose ships defeated a British fleet off the island of
Vieques in 1714; Rafael Cordero, a self taught educator who in the
early 19th Century tutored the island's future political leaders;
and Rafael Cordero's sister, Celestina, who attempted to create the
first school for girls in Latin America, 17 years before her
brother started his school. This free Black population essentially
created and developed what is known as Puerto Rican culture,
especially in its music and culinary traditions.
After Spain lost its colonies in Mexico, as well as Central and
South America, at the onset of the 19th Century, Spain reinstituted
the sugar economy in Puerto Rico. White immigration was encouraged,
first from the Americas and later from the provinces of Spain.
There was an increase in the importation of African slaves who
worked the sugar plantations from Guayama, west through Ponce and
Mayaguez, and the northwest coastal towns through Vega Baja. This
was the period in which the island reached the height of its Slave
population, from 1810 to abolition in 1873. Still, even during this
time, the slave population was never the majority of the Black
population of Puerto Rico. Even so, the Spanish government imposed
draconian laws to control the behavior of all Black Puerto Ricans,
slave or free, during the early part of the 19th Century (el Bando
contra La Raza Africana). This had been caused in part by the
hysteria engendered by the Haitian Revolution and the Escalera
Conspiracy in Cuba.
As the white population on the island increased during the 19th
Century, Black Puerto Rican culture became marginalized and
denigrated. Although there have been a great many famous Black
Puerto Ricans (e.g., Pedro Albizu Campos, Roberto Clemente, Ruth
Fernandez, Rafael Hernandez, F lix Trinidad, etc.), most
AfroBoricuas still live on the periphery of island society.
Abolition
By the 19th century the abolitionist movement attracted many
Spanish creoles, mestizos, and freed "people of color" who
developed a social conscience with regard to slavery. Among them
were Ramon Emeterio Betances, Segundo Ruiz Belvis, Eugenio Maria de
Hostos, Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, and Lola Rodr guez de Ti .
Betances even formed a secret society which helped many slaves gain
their freedom. On September 23, 1868, many slaves participated in
the failed uprising against Spain, headed by Manuel Rojas and known
as "El Grito de Lares", with the promise that they would be
freed.
On 1873-03-22, a law proclaiming the abolition of slavery in Puerto
Rico was passed. [3]
Modern society
The term Negro(a) or Negrito(a), which means small black person,
originated during the African slave trade and was used to describe
a person of visible African descent (i.e., Negro Jose or Negra
Maria). Today the word has lost its negative connotations and is
often applied to another as a term of endearment regardless of his
or her background. In 2003, several major DNA studies done at the
University of Puerto Rico at Mayag ez discovered that 61%, 27%, and
12% of Puerto Ricans have Taino, African, and European ancestry,
respectively, through matrilineal lines. This was due to the fact
that the Spanish Conquest was mostly male and the Iberian men who
accompanied Christopher Columbus came into the Caribbean's "New
World" to take their share of gold and "exotic" native women.
The Spaniards also abused the enslaved African women. While some
had consented marriages, the majority did not. "Race" could no
longer be defined clearly as the various populations became blended
to the point of social obscurity. The Spanish culture dominated all
aspects of island life. Taino culture disappeared into the
conquering culture as did African culture. They were overshadowed
and relegated to the "back burners" of Puerto Rican society until
the present day. As Puerto Rican culture moves toward a better
understanding of its origin, more confidence and pride than ever
before felt toward its roots.
Most Puerto Ricans enjoy Salsa music, a musical blend of African
and Caribbean rhythms developed by Puerto Ricans who grew up in the
streets of New York. Salsa was imported back into Puerto Rico and
Cuba as "popular" music in the 30s, 40s, and 50s. On the island of
Puerto Rico, Bomba (from Loiza, Mayag ez, and Ponce), which has
origins in West Africa, has always been one of the major forms of
music enjoyed by all Puerto Ricans. The Taino-Spanish influence
(also included in Salsa and evidenced by the use of the clave and
maracas as integral musical instruments) comes from the mountain
regions where the strongest vestiges of Taino culture are held.
Plena (which many say came from Barrio San Anton in Ponce) is
another major form. Reggaeton, a form of music that blends latin
rythms and Hip Hop with Jamaican Reggae rhythms, has also entered
the popular Puerto Rican musical arena.
Although many black Puerto Ricans live in poor residential areas,
many others have progressed and are able to live comfortably.
Still, at least two-thirds of all Puerto Ricans live on public
assistance.
Among the towns with the largest black populations in Puerto Rico,
apart from San Juan and Vieques, are Lo za, Canovanas, Carolina,
Fajardo, Ponce, and Mayag ez. Other cities, such as Caguas and
Bayamon, also have significant numbers of black residents.
To many Puerto Ricans a person is not considered black because his
or her ancestors were black, as in the mainland United States, but
by the color of the skin. So, for example, if someone has a
grandparent or other ancestor who was black, if he or she looks
white, he or she is considered white by a Puerto
Rican
